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https://www.iampsychiatry.uk/adult-adhd-medication/
ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD and can increase and regulate levels of brain chemicals However they dont solve the problem and will only aid in managing symptoms so long as theyre taken regularly The adverse effects of ADHD medication can include an increase in heart rate and blood pressure upset stomach anxiety and tics Some children and teens who are taking stimulant medication experience a slight reduction in their growth Methylphenidate Methylphenidate a central nervous stimulant is the most common drug used to treat ADHD It comes in a variety of forms including chewable tablet that is liquid as well as a longacting oral disintegrating tablet and an extendedrelease pill The drug boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain This helps to improve concentration It can also lessen the symptoms of anxiety and depression Methylphenidate can be a successful treatment for ADHD in conjunction with other treatments including behavioural therapy Methylphenidate is a drug that blocks transporters that remove these neurotransmitters from the brain The drug can cause a slight increase in heart rate or blood pressure It may also trigger rapid changes in blood sugar levels and people with diabetes should be careful when taking this medication If you experience any of these side effects talk to your doctor Methylphenidate can also trigger Raynauds phenomenon that causes numbness in the fingers and feet This is an uncommon side effect however it is essential to notify your doctor if you have these symptoms There is some concern that methylphenidate slows childrens growth but it hasnt been proven to be the case If your child is taking methylphenidate ensure that you keep an eye on their weight and height If your child takes tablets containing methylphenidate that contains phenylalanine it could be harmful to children suffering from Phenylketonuria If you suffer from PKU consult your doctor about the different methylphenidate formulations Some people have difficulty with stimulants which are the first option for treating ADHD In these instances doctors may prescribe other drugs that function in a similar manner Apart from methylphenidate there are other stimulants like dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine These substances are more powerful than methylphenidate and may last longer They are usually taken between two and three times daily but some people can take them more often Psychological treatments are also available to treat ADHD however they are less likely to be effective than stimulants Atomoxetine Atomoxetine also known under the brand name Strattera is a nonstimulant ADHD medication that increases concentration and reduces hyperactivity and impulsiveness Its part of a class of medications called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and increases levels of dopamine and norepinephrine two chemical messengers that regulate the brains activity It is a favorite choice for both adults and children who prefer a different kind of medication from stimulants such as Adderall and Vyvanse It is important to realize that atomoxetine isnt a drug that works instantly It could take up to six weeks before the effects of this medication are evident You may also experience adverse effects like nausea and drowsiness However the benefits of atomoxetine far outweigh the risks for a majority of patients The efficacy of atomoxetine was confirmed in a multisite doubleblind placebocontrolled study involving 297 ADHD patients between the ages of 12 and 18 Participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine which is a daily dose of 06 mg per kilogram or 12 mgkg or a placebo for 9 weeks In both atomoxetine as well as placebo groups symptoms of depression were reduced The atomoxetine treatment group showed more improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group The improvement was sporadic In another open trial 10 patients with ADHD who failed to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine for 8 weeks The atomoxetine treatment group demonstrated improvements in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo with scores on Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Rated screening version and the Clinical Global Impression Severity scales gaining significant However one patient experienced a rash and withdrew from the study Three patients also reported transient stomach symptoms and one complained of increased fatigue Before beginning treatment with atomoxetine talk with your physician about your medical background and any other supplements or medications that youre taking This includes herbal remedies as well as overthecounter medications It is crucial to inform your doctor if there is narrowangle glaucoma a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor and high blood pressure heart disease or an unusually sudden death It is also recommended to be wary of atomoxetine in the event that you have taken an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid linezolid methylene blue injection rasagiline phenelzine or tranylcypromine within the last 14 days Bupropion Bupropion a nonstimulant drug that is a nonstimulant can aid in reducing ADHD symptoms It also helps reduce the impulsivity of children and improve concentration However it does not affect the brain in the way stimulants do Its only available on prescription Your doctor will decide on the best dose for you Bupropion comes in tablets and capsules It is crucial to follow the prescriptions If you stop taking it suddenly you may experience withdrawal symptoms Its usually taken twice or three times per day with a 46 hour interval between each dose The dose can vary between 100mg and three times per day up to 150mg three or four time each day The drug is absorbed by the digestive tract and then excreted into urine which means that it cant enter breast milk However it can enter the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs Bupropion may increase blood pressure which is why its important to monitor it frequently Bupropion can in addition to helping to reduce ADHD symptoms can also reduce depression It is also a treatment for bipolar disorder It works by blocking dopamine receptors within your brain This stops the neurotransmitter dopamine from reaching your brain This helps to stabilize your mood Bupropion can interact with other drugs Its therefore important to tell your doctor about any other medications youre taking Its essential to let your doctor know that you suffer from any allergies You should also stay clear of caffeine and other stimulants which could make the adverse effects more severe Several studies have compared bupropion to placebos in adults with ADHD The results of these studies were mixed and most studies were not conducted properly Additionally IamPsychiatry did not include participants with psychiatric disorders However the research suggests that bupropion may have a small effect on ADHD However there is a need for more research to identify positive outcomes for patients such as improvements in quality of life Additionally a more precise understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is required before effective treatment can be developed This includes a better understanding of the relation between the various molecular pathways It is also crucial to know how antiADHD drugs work in conjunction with psychotherapy Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants are often prescribed by doctors if stimulants prescribed for children with ADHD do not work or cause adverse side effects These drugs like imipramine and nortriptyline Aventyl and Pamelor increase the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain which help people to focus These are old drugs that may have a number of adverse reactions and are usually tried only after other medications have failed The first choice of depressionrelated antidepressants is typically a serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSRI such as fluoxetine sertraline or citalopram However tricyclic antidepressants that have been around for decades may still be used in certain situations These medications are effective in treating pain caused by neuropathic or other but their antidepressant effect is not the same They potentiate noradrenephrine by inhibiting its reuptake and also act as lower modulators of pain pathways in the spinal cord SSRIs have lower risks of toxicity and less serious adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants In addition theyre safer in pregnancy and do not appear to cause teratogenicity in humans or animals However they may cause severe withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly To minimize these side effects your doctor may suggest reducing the dose gradually over a period of time Bupropion a popular antidepressant prescribed offlabel to treat ADHD but isnt FDA approved as a drug for adhd It is believed to increase neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain which increases concentration It also has been proven to reduce anxiety and it can be combined with stimulants for more rapid and sustained results While there are no other FDAapproved nonstimulant drugs for ADHD Many people get relief from the use of dietary supplements and herbs A diet low on fat and sugar may aid in reducing ADHD symptoms In the same way removing caffeine may be beneficial for certain people It is important to inform your doctor about all the medications you or your child takes including overthecounter medications and herbal remedies This will help prevent interactions and reduce unwanted adverse effects ADHD medication can affect people differently It may take some trial and error before you find the right dosage and dose for your child or yourself
