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https://www.iampsychiatry.com/anxiety-disorders

Medications For Anxiety Disorder and Depression Many people use medication to manage anxiety but they arent the only option Exercise and psychotherapy can also be effective treatments Some antidepressants like SSRIs citalopram Lexapro fluoxetine Prozac paroxetine Zoloft also treat anxiety Others such as histamine blockers such Vistaril hydroxyzine can offer relief Antidepressants If youre diagnosed with depression your doctor may prescribe medication as part of your treatment plan Antidepressants are one of the most frequently prescribed drugs and there are a variety of types to choose from The type of antidepressant that your provider prescribes will depend on your symptoms other medical conditions and treatment goals Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs and serotoninnoradrenaline reuptake inhibitors SNRIs are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants These drugs work by altering the way that your brains nerve cells communicate They work by increasing the quantity of neurotransmitters in your brain which helps improve your mood and reduces anxiety Antidepressants can take several weeks to produce results so take your time and stick with your regimen Benzodiazepines can also be prescribed by your physician to treat depression or anxiety These drugs are fastacting and can be used to reduce depression and anxiety symptoms within a short amount of time Examples of benzodiazepines include alprazolam and lorazepam They block the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline which are hormones involved in the fight or flight response Monoamine oxidase inhibiters are an older antidepressant type that can be effective in treating depression and anxiety They are typically prescribed to those who have not had a response to other antidepressants They also require changes to diet in order to avoid hypertensive interactions caused by the amino acid tyramine If youre taking an antidepressant prescription tell your doctor about the other medications youre taking such as supplements and vitamins You may need to lower the dose if other medications interfere with how antidepressants function or if you experience side effects Get help immediately if you are thinking of suicide You might have different symptoms of anxiety and depression or you might have comorbid depression and anxiety Patients with comorbid anxiety as well as depression have a worse medical prognosis than those with only one disorder Certain psychiatric medications have been proven to be particularly helpful in treating both disorders in people with comorbid depression and anxiety Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines can relieve anxiety symptoms including alprazolam clonazepam chlordiazep diazepam and lorazepam These drugs work by affecting the benzodiazepine receptors of the central nervous system which are 5 transmembrane protein molecules that make up a benzylchloridechannel at the central The benzodiazepine receptors also possess an association site for the inhibitory neurotransmitter gammaaminobutryic acid type A GABAA The benzodiazepines increase the GABAA concentration thus decreasing the activity of the nerve and relaxing muscles The benzodiazepines have a fast start of action but they have a high risk of dependence and addiction Antidepressants anticonvulsants antipsychotics and buspirone all have a long duration of action but are more suitable for longterm use because they dont cause tolerance or addiction Depression can be associated with anxiety disorders and antidepressants are able to help alleviate the symptoms of depression that are a result of anxiety However many people suffering from depression suffer from a mix of both anxious and depressive symptoms and require the combination of medication and therapy to manage all of their symptoms In these cases benzodiazepines are often employed for a brief period to treat depression or anxiety symptoms while other medications work Typically these drugs are prescribed for only several weeks at a time and are not taken daily These medications should not be used for extended durations as they can cause withdrawal symptoms like shaking or difficulty sleeping If youre considering taking benzodiazepines tell your doctor about any previous dependence or substance abuse issues as well as any other mental health issues you suffer from Your doctor can talk to you about possible side effects and can suggest alternative medications if needed to treat depression If you have never used benzodiazepines before or if you take them in excess they could cause serious and even fatal complications If you are pregnant breastfeeding or have a history of liver disease respiratory or digestive disorders your doctor may suggest lower doses or limit the time you are treated with these drugs Alcohol can interact with benzodiazepines and can increase the risk of adverse effects and dependence therefore you should avoid drinking alcohol while you are taking these medications Betablockers Betablockers are a medicine that can be used to help control anxiety symptoms They are a different kind of drug than the benzodiazepines such as Xanax and they are able to block receptors that adrenaline binds They also slow down the activity of the nervous system and brain They can be utilized as an alternative to benzodiazepines which are more addictive and carry a higher dependency risk Beta blockers which reduce blood pressure and slow heart rate are often prescribed to treat heart problems They can also be beneficial for treating anxiety However they arent specifically approved by the FDA to treat of anxiety disorders They are often used off label to treat this condition and are a viable alternative when other antianxiety medications do not provide relief or have intolerable adverse effects They are especially effective in situations of social and performance anxiety where physical symptoms may occur during events that trigger anxiety They can be used in conjunction with other treatment modalities such as CBT and SSRIs They are particularly useful as an addon therapy for people suffering from GAD that is characterized by constant and persistent anxiety that can interfere with daily activities how you can help can also assist in managing physical symptoms of anxiety such as a racing pulse or increased sweating Betablockers may help manage physical symptoms of anxiety but they dont address the underlying mental issues that contribute to the condition They are best used as a complement to other treatments like SSRIs and benzodiazepines Before you begin taking betablockers it is crucial to talk to your doctor about your medical history and any other health issues These medications are associated with lower psychiatric admissions as well as suicidal behavior however the results can vary depending on the specific psychiatric diagnoses and past psychiatric histories In addition they are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events in certain patients There are a few natural ingredients that contain betablockerlike properties but they are not as effective as prescription drugs These include antioxidants garlic the saffron plant and potassium The effectiveness of these natural supplements isnt fully realized Certain of these products can cause serious sideeffects so its best to consult a physician prior to taking them Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs are used to alter the way that your brain functions They inhibit the function of an enzyme known as monoamine oxidase This enzyme breaks down the chemical norepinephrine and serotonin which enable brain cells to communicate with each with each other By blocking monoamine oxide MAOIs allow more of these chemical messengers to remain in your brain This improves brain cell communication and elevates your mood These drugs are also effective in treating anxiety disorders This includes anxiety mixed depression and anxiety states They are less effective for pure anxiety and may not help with panic attacks The effectiveness of MAOIs has been due to the fact that they boost levels of norepinephrine dopamine and serotonin in the brain These neurotransmitters naturally produced in the body are released into the bloodstream where they travel to nerves cells and serve as messengers The first antidepressant developed in the 1950s was Iproniazid which blocked monoamine oxidase This led to the development of other MAOIs like tranylcypromine or isocarboxazid that have been around for decades to help treat depression MAOIs are usually prescribed after other types of antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants or serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors have been tried without success MAOIs can trigger severe withdrawal symptoms if suddenly stopped They can also have serious food and drug interactions A newer MAOI known as MAOAA which is a selective and irreversible inhibitor is being studied for its use in treating depression that is not responding to treatment It is not recommended to treatment of bipolar disorder as it can precipitate manic symptoms Another newer MAOI called selegiline Eldepryl or Zelapar is being researched for the treatment of Parkinsons disease It blocks monoamine oxidese but does not affect other enzymes that break down levodopa the primary treatment for Parkinsons These drugs can be used alone or in combination with other antidepressants MAOIs can cause hyperreflexia and increased neuromuscular excitation in certain patients This can manifest as muscle twitching eyelid twitching and other symptoms These reactions can be more common when these medications are used in conjunction along with certain food items such as aged cheeses or preserved meats