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https://www.iampsychiatry.uk/adhd-treatment-for-adults/
Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders Many people with ADHD also suffer from comorbid disorders such as major depressive disorder Kessler and colleagues 2006 Many patients who are depressed arent able to take medications and may be able to benefit from therapy Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that regulate and increase levels of certain brain chemicals Commonly prescribed stimulants include methylphenidate amphetamine and other similar medications Medicines Many of the medications used to treat ADHD in children can be used for adults The dosages and side effects differ The doctor will take a look at the medical history family health history and other medical factors of the individual to determine which drug is most appropriate for the patient The most popular type of ADHD medication is a stimulant adhd adults treatment adjusts levels of two chemical messengers in the brain norepinephrine as well as dopamine Stimulants such as methylphenidate or dextroamphe commonly known as Adderall boost the supply of these neurotransmitters which help improve focus and reduce impulsivity and aggression They come in various forms like chewable tablets liquids and skin patches These longacting stimulants are favored due to their improved patient compliance and a smoother longerlasting improvement of symptoms It is important to keep in mind that comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depression may alter the effectiveness of ADHD medication It is therefore recommended that these psychiatric problems be treated first before medication be used as a second measure Medications that are used to treat comorbid mood disorders include bupropion atomoxetine and tricyclic antidepressants Wilens 2004 Some patients may exhibit a rebound effect in which they experience an increase in ADHD symptoms after stopping stimulant medications In these cases a short trial of a lower dose of stimulant medication can be beneficial Some people are unable to tolerate stimulant drugs or are not able to take them due to abuse of drugs or other health issues for example heart problems that are severe or hypertension In these cases nonstimulant medication such as atomoxetine Strattera and viloxazine Qelbree can be effective These medications do not cause the same level of adverse effects as stimulants and carry a less risk of misuse and diversion Psychotherapy People suffering from ADHD may benefit from psychotherapy talk therapy It can help people with ADHD learn how to improve their lives deal with stress and anxiety resolve conflicts or manage problems in their relationships or at work It can also help with cooccurring mental illnesses such as depression and substance abuse disorders Talk therapies include cognitive behavior therapy CBT mindbody cognitive therapy and schema therapy These treatments are based on the notion that a persons beliefs and thoughts affect how they behave think and feel CBT helps individuals identify negative thoughts and behaviors and then develop and implement strategies to change these The use of meditation techniques in mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy to help a person concentrate on their emotions and thoughts control impulses and improve executive functioning Schema therapy and other forms of psychotherapy that focus on a persons family history may be helpful for those suffering from ADHD Psychotherapy in addition to medication can help with specific ADHD issues like difficulty completing schoolwork or interacting with others It can also help in avoiding important dates and responsibilities and making impulsive choices that lead to financial and legal problems It can also assist a person explore and overcome underlying issues that cause ADHD symptoms like anxiety or depression Psychotherapy can help people discover healthy coping techniques and reduce stress For instance exercising improving sleep and healthy eating habits It can also provide assistance to the family member or spouse who is struggling with the negative effects ADHD can have on their relationship Family therapy and marriage counseling can help couples and families learn how to communicate better and manage ADHD symptoms together Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CBT CBT is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients change their negative thoughts It involves a skillbased dialog with an expert in mental health to identify the root reason for the symptoms The goal of this treatment is to correct the limitations and implement coping strategies that align with the daily routine of the client In addition to educating clients to recognize harmful thoughts the therapists who specialize in adult ADHD CBT assist them in developing skills that allow them to replace negative thoughts with more productive ones This process can take a long time However its a good alternative for adults who arent getting enough relief from their medication In the course of a recent RCT study it was concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy paired with medication is superior to cognitive behavior therapy alone when it comes to improving the core symptoms emotional symptoms selfesteem and social performance in adults suffering from ADHD Clarke et al 2017 CBT combined with methylphenidate can be particularly effective for people who have more serious underlying issues Therapists who offer this kind of treatment work with clients to devise an action plan to address their specific issues They usually teach clients a set of practical skills that are easy to implement and have a high chance of success Charts are often utilized to track progress and to reward positive behavior This could be the daily report of children that lists the tasks they are required to complete at school or the positive behavior that must be demonstrated and an organized system for recording and rewarding rewards The therapists could also discuss the possibility of creating negative consequences if children fail to complete their work This can be done in a sensitive and calming manner Metacognitive Therapy A newer type of therapy metacognitive therapy helps individuals change how they think This kind of treatment is effective for those with a variety of mental health problems including depression Its a kind of cognitive behavioral therapy that assists people to identify their negative thinking patterns and how they impact their moods This kind of therapy can also help them acquire psychological tools that are able and effective This study aimed to examine the relationship between metacognitive skills and daily functioning among adults suffering from ADHD To do this we compared self and informantrated daily functioning impairments with the predictors of metacognition comprehensive knowledge regulation of Cognition Debugging Information Management and Evaluation It was found that the comprehensive knowledge of people was linked to daily functioning in adults with ADHD but that the processes of regulation were not Metacognition predictors had a moderate predictive power which suggests they could explain an important amount of variation in the daily functioning of adults suffering from ADHD Metacognitive Therapy MCT is an intervention that focuses on changing metacognitive beliefs that cause dysfunction and perpetuate mental states such as worry rumination and attention fixation Adrian Wells developed MCT based on a model of information processing by Wells and Gerald Matthews MCT has been shown to be effective in treating anxiety disorder However its still a relatively new treatment and further research is needed to determine whether it can aid in other disorders This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of MCT to alleviate symptoms of anxiety disorder However it could be used to treat various disorders and may be more effective than other therapy It is important to keep it in mind that this is not a cure for ADHD however it can be employed as an adjunctive therapy Family Therapy In family therapy therapists work with all family members Everyone is able to better understand the issues of the client and learn how they can help their loved ones It also helps them deal with their frustrations and build better communication skills This type of counseling can be used to tackle comorbid conditions such as substance abuse and depression which are frequently associated with ADHD The therapist will begin with an intake session in order to understand the familys views and determine if they are suitable for intervention with the family This can be conducted in person or online The therapist will discuss the nature of treatment with each person and spell out the rules and guidelines of family therapy A therapist with experience in treating adults suffering from ADHD will ask a variety of questions in order to gain understanding of the clients present symptoms their history and their impact on their work family life and relationships They will also inquire whether there are other mental health issues present such as anxiety or depression Cognitive behavioral therapy is a structured kind of counseling that teaches you how to manage your behavior and change negative thinking patterns into positive ones It focuses on improving selfesteem and selfcontrol by educating you on how to handle anger and stress It is a treatment option for shortterm use that can be paired with other types of psychotherapy Individual therapy helps those with ADHD to overcome the emotional baggage that results from failing and underachievement It can also assist them in dealing problems with relationships job changes and academic difficulties It can help you develop coping and stress reduction techniques and help you manage your time and finances more effectively It can be used to treat other comorbid conditions like mood and anxiety disorders that are often associated with ADHD