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Medications For Anxiety Disorder and Depression Medications help many people manage anxiety but theyre not the only option Psychotherapy and exercise can be effective treatments Some antidepressants work to treat anxiety as well as SSRIs such as citalopram Celexa and the escitalopram Lexapro and the fluoxetine Prozac paroxetine Paxil and sertraline Zoloft Other medications like histamine blockers such as Vistaril hydroxyzine may also offer relief Antidepressants If youve been diagnosed with depression your doctor could prescribe medication as part of your treatment plan Antidepressants are among the most frequently prescribed drugs and there are numerous kinds to choose from The type of antidepressant that your doctor prescribes will depend on your symptoms additional medical conditions and the goals of your treatment Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs and serotoninnoradrenaline reuptake inhibitors SNRIs are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants They alter the way that nerve cells in your brain communicate The drugs increase the amount neurotransmitters in your brain which helps improve your mood and reduces anxiety It can take several weeks for antidepressants to start working so be patient Benzodiazepines are also prescribed by your physician to treat anxiety or depression They are quickacting and can help relieve anxiety and depression symptoms in a short period of time Benzodiazepines are lorazepam alprazolam and others They inhibit the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline which are hormones that participate in the fight or flight reaction Monoamine oxidase inhibiters are an older antidepressant type that can be effective for treating depression and anxiety They are usually prescribed to patients who havent responded to other antidepressants They also require dietary changes in order to avoid hypertensive effects caused by the amino acid tyramine Inform your doctor if are taking an antidepressant on prescription This includes vitamins and supplements You may need to decrease the dosage if youre taking other medicines that affect how well antidepressants work or cause side effects Seek help immediately if you are thinking of suicide You may have different signs of depression and anxiety or you might have comorbid depression and anxiety People who have comorbid anxiety and depression have a worse medical prognosis compared to those who only have one disorder Certain psychiatric medications have been found to be particularly helpful in treating both disorders for people who suffer from comorbid depression and anxiety Benzodiazepines Anxiety symptoms can be alleviated by benzodiazepines They include alprazolam Xanax clonazepam Klonopin and chlordiazepoxide Librium diazepam Valium and lorazepam Ativan These medications work on the benzodiazepinereceptors of the central nervous system which are 5 transmembrane proteins that form an benzylchloride channel in the central The benzodiazepine receptors have an affinity site for the inhibitory neurotransmitter gammaaminobutryic acid type A GABAA The benzodiazepines increase the concentration of GABAA decreasing muscle activity and relaxing the muscles Benzodiazepines have a rapid start of action but they pose a risk of dependence and addiction Antipsychotics and antidepressants along with anticonvulsants and buspirone have a slower time of action however they are still beneficial for longterm use as they do not produce tolerance or addiction Depression can be comorbid with anxiety disorders and antidepressants may help reduce the depressive symptoms that are a result of anxiety Many people with depression have an overlapping of anxious and depressive symptoms Theyll have to mix medication and therapy to manage their symptoms In these instances benzodiazepines may be used for a short time to manage anxiety or depression symptoms while other medications take effect These medications are usually prescribed for a short period of time but not daily These medications should not be taken for prolonged periods of time as they can trigger withdrawal symptoms such as shaking or trouble sleeping If youre considering taking benzodiazepines tell your doctor about any previous dependency or substance abuse issues as well as any other mental health problems you have Your doctor can talk to you about possible adverse effects and suggest other medication if necessary to treat depression If youve never used benzodiazepines before or if you use them frequently they can cause serious and sometimes fatal side effects If you are breastfeeding or pregnant or have a history of liver disease or other digestive or respiratory issues or liver disease your doctor may reduce the duration of treatment or prescribe lower doses Alcohol can interact with benzodiazepines and can increase the risk of side effects and dependence therefore you should not drink alcohol while taking these medications Betablockers Betablockers are a medicine that can help control anxiety symptoms They are a kind of medication that is different from benzodiazepines such as Xanax and work by blocking the receptors that adrenaline binds They also reduce the activity of the nervous system and brain They could be a good alternative to benzodiazepines that come with a higher risk of addiction and dependence Beta blockers which reduce blood pressure and slow the heart rate are often prescribed to treat heart ailments They are also beneficial in treating anxiety They arent FDAapproved to treat anxiety disorder They are prescribed offlabel to treat anxiety disorders They are a great option if other antianxiety medications do not work or cause unacceptable adverse consequences They are especially effective in situations of social and performance anxiety where physical symptoms can occur when an event triggers anxiety They can be used in conjunction with other treatment modalities like CBT and SSRIs They are especially useful as an alternative therapy for people with GAD GAD is characterized by constant and recurring worry that interferes in daily activities They can also help manage physical symptoms of anxiety such as a racing heart or increased sweating Betablockers can help ease physical symptoms of anxiety but they do not address the underlying psychological issues which contribute to the condition They are recommended as a complement to other treatments like benzodiazepines and SSRIs It is essential to discuss your medical history as well as any other health issues with your physician prior to taking betablockers The use of these drugs is associated with reduced psychiatric hospitalisations and suicidal behaviour However the results differ by specific psychiatric diagnosis and past psychiatric history In addition they are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascularrelated events in certain patients Some natural products have the same properties as betablockers but they arent as effective These include antioxidants as well as garlic saffron and potassium The efficacy of these natural products is not fully understood Certain of these products can cause serious sideeffects therefore it is best to consult with a physician before taking them Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs work by changing the way your brain works They inhibit the function of an enzyme known as monoamine oxidase which reduces the chemical compounds norepinephrine and serotonin which enable brain cells to communicate with one and each other By blocking monoamine oxide MAOIs allow more of these chemical messengers to stay in your brain This improves brain cell communication and elevates your mood These medications are also effective in treating anxiety disorders specifically anxiety disorders like agoraphobia and mixed depression and anxiety states However they are not as effective in pure anxiety states and may not be helpful in panic attacks The effectiveness of MAOIs has been connected to the fact that they increase levels of norepinephrine dopamine and serotonin in the brain These neurotransmitters are produced naturally by your body and are then released into the bloodstream from where they travel to nerve cells and act as messengers between neurons The first antidepressant that was developed in the 1950s was iproniazid which inhibited monoamine oxidase This led to other MAOIs like tranylcypromine isocarboxazid and fluoxetine that are used to treat depression MAOIs are usually prescribed after other types of antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants or serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors have been tried without success Because they can cause interactions with food and drugs and could cause severe withdrawal syndrome if stopped suddenly MAOIs are typically only utilized for patients who fail to respond to other treatments A newer MAOI called MAOAA which is a selective and irreversible inhibitor is being researched for its use in treating depression that is resistant to treatment It is not recommended to use in bipolar disorder as it can precipitate manic symptoms Selegiline a brand new MAOI also known as Eldepryl or Zelapar is being studied for treatment of Parkinsons disease It blocks monoamine oxidase but it does not alter other enzymes that break down levodopa the main treatment for Parkinsons These drugs can be used either alone or in conjunction with other antidepressants In certain patients the MAOIs could trigger a reaction that causes increased neuromuscular excitability and hyperreflexia This can manifest as muscle twitching or eyelid twitching These reactions could be more frequent if these medications are used in conjunction with certain foods like aged cheeses or preserved meats
